by

I

(New American Roget's College Thesaurus)

adv. & prep. beside, alongside; past, beyond; no later than; through. See instrumentality, cause, side.

II

(Roget's IV) prep.

1. [Near]

Syn. close to, next to, by the side of, at; see near 1 , next 2 .

2. [By stated means]

Syn. over, with, through, by means of, by the agency or intermediacy of, in the name of, at the hand of, along with, through the medium of, with the assistance or aid of, on, supported by, via.